Search results for "Microscopic level"

showing 6 items of 6 documents

A topological look at human trabecular bone tissue

2017

Bone quality is affected by trabecular architecture at microscopic level. Various abnormalities of bone tissue lead to altered strength and to an increased susceptibility to fracture, such as Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, two major health burdens of our society. These are two complex musculoskeletal diseases that mainly concern bone tissue. In the last twenty years, there has been a growing interest in finding an appropriate topological model for the micro-architecture of trabecular bone tissue. In particular, we prove that these models involve general topological spaces. The appropriate notion to deal with is that of CW-complex.

0301 basic medicineStatistics and ProbabilityPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyTrabecular bone tissueOsteoporosis030209 endocrinology & metabolismOsteoarthritisTopological spaceBone tissueTopologyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineCW-complexBone DensityBone qualityHumansMedicineGeneral Immunology and Microbiologybusiness.industryApplied MathematicsMicroscopic levelGeneral MedicineAnatomyTrabecular architecturemedicine.diseaseTrabecular bone030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureModeling and SimulationCW-complex; Euler characteristic; trabecular bone tissue; Kelvin cellCancellous BoneEuler characteristicSettore MAT/03 - GeometriaGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesbusinessKelvin cell
researchProduct

Quantifiable analysis of the failure of advanced carbon fibre composite structures leading to improved safety factors

2022

Abstract The increasing use of advanced composite materials means that they must now be considered as major materials for a wide variety of structures some of which will be in service for decades. There is therefore an important need to be able to quantify damage accumulation leading to failure in these materials particularly as they are often used in extreme situations for which failure must be avoided. This review shows how damage accumulation in many major composite structures is dominated by fibre failure but that the viscoelastic nature of the matrix induces time effects including delayed failure. It is shown that damage accumulation can be quantitatively modelled using a multi-scale a…

Materials sciencebusiness.industryComposite numberMicroscopic level02 engineering and technologyStructural engineering010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesPressure vesselViscoelasticity0104 chemical sciencesIntrinsic safetyCarbon fibre compositeAdvanced composite materialsRepresentative elementary volumeGeneral Materials Science0210 nano-technologybusinessProgress in Materials Science
researchProduct

Surface topography of membrane domains

2010

金沢大学理工研究域数物科学系

Surface (mathematics)Supported lipid bilayerMaterials scienceLipid BilayersBiophysicsNanotechnologyMicroscopy Atomic ForceBiochemistryMembrane LipidsAtomic force microscopyMembrane MicrodomainsAnimalsHumansMesoscopic physicsSphingolipidsAtomic force microscopyLipid microdomainMicroscopic levelMembrane ProteinsBiological membraneCell BiologyLangmuir Blodgett filmCharacterization (materials science)MembraneCholesterolMembrane domainBiochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes
researchProduct

Modelling of interference fits with taking into account surfaces roughness with homogenization technique

2013

International audience; The assembly technique by shrink fit is increasingly used today because it allows for the assembly of two pieces without any intermediary part simply by the tightening effect given by the difference in diameters of the two parts assembled. The definition of assemblies depends on calculation models available in the standard. They make very restrictive assumptions that limit the geometrical defects and the surface finish. It is increasingly common to use a finite element method to better adapt the model to the complex forms of industrial parts. However, the standard is limited with regard to the consideration of roughness which results in a loss of tightening. An easy …

[ SPI.MECA.GEME ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph]EngineeringRotational symmetry[PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph]02 engineering and technologySurface finishHomogenization (chemistry)[PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph]0203 mechanical engineeringTransverse isotropy[SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph]General Materials ScienceCivil and Structural Engineeringshrink fitbusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringMicroscopic levelhomogenization finite element techniqueMechanicsStructural engineering021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsFinite element method[SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph]020303 mechanical engineering & transportsMechanics of Materials[ SPI.MECA.MEMA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph][ PHYS.MECA.MEMA ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph][ PHYS.MECA.GEME ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph]Micro-geometrical surface texture0210 nano-technologybusinessInterference fit
researchProduct

Quantitative bioluminescence imaging--a method for the detection of metabolite distributions in frozen tissues

1994

A novel technique allows for measurement of metabolite distributions in tissue cryosections at a microscopic level using bioluminescence, single photon imaging, and computerized image analysis. Metabolites, such as ATP, glucose and lactate are registered in absolute concentration units, and the respective images can be correlated with each other and with histological structures by specific algorithms. One striking difference between malignant tumors and normal tissue is the pronounced heterogeneity of metabolite distributions in malignancies contrasted by rather homogeneous patterns obtained in many normal organs. The heterogeneous distribution of metabolites in solid tumors reflects the ch…

Pathologymedicine.medical_specialtyMetaboliteMicroscopic levelNormal tissueSingle photon imagingBiologyAbsolute concentrationchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryBiochemistryHomogeneousmedicineBioluminescenceBioluminescence imagingSPIE Proceedings
researchProduct

Conceptual and epistemological difficulties of future teachers of physics and chemistry in the energetic explanations of physical and chemical phenom…

2016

En este trabajo analizamos las dificultades conceptuales y epistemológicas que tienen sobre termoquímica estudiantes universitarios de los últimos cursos de Física, Química e Ingeniería Química. Para ello se han aplicado a una muestra de 35 de estos futuros profesores dos cuestionarios sobre efectos térmicos en fenómenos físicos y químicos que han de explicar y se han categorizado sus respuestas según los razonamientos usados. Se ha constatado que la mayoría de los estudiantes no saben delimitar en el nivel macroscópico los sistemas que interaccionan, no utilizan el concepto de energía interna ni la primera ley de la termodinámica en los procesos físicos y químicos. Muy pocos de estos profe…

Niveles macroscópico y submicroscópicoRazonamientos espontáneosNivells macroscòpic i submicroscópicSpontaneous reasoningProfesores en formaciónEpistemological difficultiesThermochemistryRaonaments espontanisEducationProfessors en formacióMacroscopic and submicroscopic levelsepistemological difficulties; thermochemistry; trainee teachers; spontaneous reasoning; macroscopic and submicroscopic levelsdificultades epistemológicas; termoquímica; profesores en formación; razonamientos espontáneos; niveles macroscópico y submicroscópicodificultats epistemològiques; termoquímica; professors en formació; raonaments espontanis; nivells macroscòpic i submicroscópicDificultats epistemològiquesTrainee teachersTermoquímicaDificultades epistemológicas
researchProduct